CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES AND MAINTENANCE OF EEL (Monopterus albus)
A. Choosing the Place / Location Cultivation
Before making the pool starts, the location of manufacture of the pool would need to be considered. Site surveys conducted as a preliminary step sehatusnya tasty for investors or applicants before deciding to build a pond. However, the fact that there is now often not denikian. Most people have the land first and keen to
build a pond. Nevertheless, it is no exaggeration if the diktat was mentioned steps idelauntuk made pond.
Area of land to be made pond should be measured first. The slope of the land must also be measured, then determining the extent pool that will be made.
Pond for eels, making observations of the location of the pool includes land, making the scheme (picture) of construction, workmanship pengganlian, and the installation danpembuatan pool equipment parts such as sluice gates, filters and others - others.
B. Creating Outdoor
If, in choosing the location has been determined where the location of the pool to be created and has met the requirements of the construction of the pool can already begun. But the previous should be determined first type of pool that will be made for activities requiring complete eel ponds in accordance with the type of activity to be performed. As for the types of ponds that harusadadi an area of eel is the parent holding ponds, spawning and nursery ponds and rearing ponds.
Pool size for all types of activities are not as great, namely:
1. Outdoor shelter parent, size 200 cm X 200 cm with a depth of 100 cm
2. Spawning and nursery ponds, size 200 cm X 200 cm with kedalaman100 cm
3. Swimming enlargement, size 500 cm X 500 cm with a depth of 120 cm
C. Media Maintenance
Once the pond is finished the most important is the provision of maintenance medium before the pool is used, ie the media for a place to live eels in the form of ground rice fields or ponds that have dried mud, manure, compost (chaff / grain rice that has been decomposed), rice straw, chopped bananas, Urea and NPK fertilizer, with a ratio as follows:
* The first layer of rice at 40 cm bawahjerami
* Above straw sprinkled evenly Urea and NPK 5 Kg 5 Kg
* (For pool size 500 cm X 500 cm, if the pond is larger or smaller size, the ratio of fertilizer diatasdapat made its standards)
* The second layer of soil / mud as high as 5 cm
* The third layer of manure as high as 5 cm layer of compost fourth setinggi5 cm
* The fourth layer of soil / mud as high as 5 cm
* Mud fifth chopped banana trunks as high as 10 cm
* Sixth layer soil / mud as high as 15 cm
* The seventh layer of water as high as 10 cm
* Above Water hyacinth ecenfg merat cropped up over three-fourths of the surface of the pond.
After all the media loaded in the maintenance of the pool, set aside for the maintenance medium for 2 (two) weeks for the entire media experience permentasi process. And after 2 (two) weeks slesai poroses permentasinya the seeds / seedlings eels can be incorporated into the pond maintenance.
D. Selecting Seed
Implementation of the breeding can begin with has terlengkapinya all means necessary. For this stage of selecting the seed. In order to obtain good-quality eel and does not generate abnormal offspring, the seed selected should meet syarta as follows:
1. His limbs are still intact and smooth, ie no bite wounds,
2. Agile and aggressive body movements.
3. Its appearance is characterized from the body healthy is hard, not limp when in the grasp
4. His body is small and brownish yellow
5. Age ranged from 2 months - 4 months
Eels have a double sex (hermaphrodite) in his life. Eels are undergoing sex changes from female to male in her life cycle. Young eels are always androgynous females. While the old eels always androgynous male. And because of the nature - the nature of such an eel, the eel amka can occur during sex or sissy empty. With the change of sex is the eels frequent cannibalism, killing and eating each other among themselves.
Eel good parent can be recognized from his appearance. To find a good parent eels, here given characteristic master male eels and eel female parent.
a. Parent characteristics Eel Males
* Measuring a length of more than 40 cm
* The color of the surface of the skin darker or ash - ash
* Bemtuk blunt head
* He was over ten years
b. Parent characteristics Eels Females
* Measuring the length of 20 cm -30 cm
* The color of the surface of the skin brighter and younger
* The color green on the back and yellowish-white color on the belly
* Pointy head shape
* He was under nine months
E. Eel breeding
This easy to breed eels dialam, but also not difficult to breed in ponds, home media dikolam resemble their natural habitat. Naturally breed once a year, but with a very long period of marriage that is starting from the rainy season until the beginning of the dry season (Approximately four to five months)
Marriage eels eels generally arrive will look manly berbomdong busy - busy swimming to various parts towards the edge. Shallow waters that will dig a hole mating male eels. Diabangun mating holes similar to "U". Further in the hole and male eels make the air bubbles are foaming at the water surface above one lubnagnya. Foam - foam is useful to attract the opposite sex. Male eels expecting female eels in holes that are not covered foam.
After the female eels are awaited arrival, before the marriage took place would happen flirtation intimate first. In marriage the eggs of females will be issued around the hole under the foam that floats on the surface of the AOR. The fertilized egg will then be covered by eel males to be ejected and secured in a foxhole.
Then the eel jantanlah who will undergo the task of keeping the eggs - the eggs until they hatch. During this guard eel eggs galaknya males is not playing. Any creature approaching the nest would be attacked.
F. Incubation
Dialam The eggs will hatch after 9-10 days later. Dikolam Tetspi for nursery and spawning eels eggs will hatch in 12-14 days. As a child the color of newly hatched yellow eels after it slowly - slowly turned yellow brown and later become brown. Children who have hatched eels while still being cared for by male eels for two weeks. After the age of 15 days of eels kids can swim alone and leave the means of hatching. They've been able to explore and find their own food lubnag elsewhere.
G. Food and Eating Habits
Naturally eels eat different kinds of small animals that live or fall into water. Such as insects, snails, worms. Amak frogs and juvenile fish. So one of those carnivorous eel-fish-eating other animals.
Young eels eat zooplankton such delicate include Protozoa (single-celled animals), Mikrokrusasea (microscopic crustaceans), Invertebrate microscopic (animals-invertebrates are small). While beluta who began adult larvae eat insects, worms snails, frog tadpoles, fish and seeds are still weak.
Because the eels live like animals, then it is not easy to find food eels. For that eels mnyergap create your prey with pitfalls. The hole was made denganmenggali Lumpur, both ditepian waters and amid rice fields or marshes. Penyerga hole [this diameter 5 cm and elongated like a tunnel. Holes form initially straight down, then bent and flattened.
H. Hama Eels
Eels are not attacked by diseases caused by germs. Suffered by eels are only caused by food shortages, drought or dimakn by fellow eels. So in order to stay healthy pet eel, try not to lack of feed and water conditions for pond maintenance teteap flow.
Eel pest than as a predator, can also be as a competitor in terms of feed consumption. Pests and predators that can invade eel pond maintenance, among others: Grouse, Bebebk / Ducks, Beavers - furious etc
The best and appropriate way of controlling pests and predators eel, namely by creating a pool maintenance condition and fit neatly controlled by the rules so as not to become a nest for pest predators.
I. Harvest
To harvest the eels, required timeliness of harvest and harvesting. Storage containers also need to bring disiaokan eel yields in sales locations. Eels ready for harvest for the needs of local markets began sowing the seeds of at least 3 months (sisitem with magnification), while for the export market needs from start sowing the seeds at least 6 months (sisitem magnification).
J. Post-Harvest
Post-harvest treatment to consider is the cleaning and repairing the pool maintenance when there is a leak. Maintenance media should be replaced with new ones, so that substance-microscopic organisms do not run out of food for eel and grow much
K. Marketing
Eel is the food of human consumption. For that, the eel can be marketed in the fish markets and traditional markets. Currently in Bandung is still easy to sell eels. Total demand is still very large, in the market Kosambi Bandung still require an immense amount of 100 kg of live eels per day. Bandung daily Ciroyom market also requires more than 500 kg live eels. With an average retail price of Rp. 15.000, - to Rp. 20,000 per Kg her. For a number of eels per Kg of his tail sebnayak 20-30.
As for the export market is still very short at all, because the demand for Hong Kong State sebnanyak 8000 Kg per day will be fulfilled 3000 Kg. Not to demand from other countries such as Japan, Malaysia, Korea, Italy, France and the Netherlands can not be fulfilled.
L. Recording
The recording is a record of all activities of farming activity. The recording contains information, including: Date of entering the seed, feeding schedule. Harvest schedules, and other data peoduksi - others.
Enlargement EEL IN POND
Preparation Swimming
* Swimming is made a minimum size of 25m2 (5 m X 5 m) with a depth of 1.2 m
* Outdoor given maintenance media in the form of land / paddy field mud, manure, rice straw, banana trunks, etc. in accordance with usage
* After all the media is inserted into the pool, the media let stand for 2 weeks before the seeds sown in order to place the process of fermentation
Spreading Seeds
* Solid stocking ponds adjusted to optimum capacity, ie 1.5 kg of seeds for 1 m2, so for a 5 mx 5 m = 25 m2 of seed required 25 X 1.5 = 38 Kg to 40 Kg rounded
Maintenance
* Long maintenance 3-6 months
* Feed provided in the form of worms, fish, green frog child, grubs, etc., with a ratio of 5% per day from the number of seeds are stocked (for example 40 kg of seed per day requires pkan 40 Kg X 5% = 2 kg per day)
* Feed the direct sown or planted under maintenance media
* The flow of water sought remains lancer
Harvesting
* Harvesting eels do if the weight is already meets the market size (100 -200 Gr Gr 1 Kg per tail or the tail amount to 10 -20), usually after 3 months (local market) and 6 months (export market)
* Harvesting is done with the help of traps (one day before harvesting to drying ponds total)
GRANT OF EEL FEED SCHEDULE
Feeding began dinerikan after seed eel into the pond enlargement 3 days, which is administered on day 4 with the number of feeding as follows:
DAY - | Percentage of Total Seed That the stocking | Number of Kg given Every day (U / 40 Kg seed) | total Giving Feed |
04-33 | 5% | 2 Kg | 60 Kg |
34-47 | 7,5% | 3 Kg | 42 Kg |
48-61 | 10% | 4 Kg | 56 Kg |
62-75 | 12,5 % | 5 Kg | 70 Kg |
76-89 | 15 % | 6 Kg | 84 Kg |
90-96 | 17,5 % | 7 Kg | 49 Kg |
97-103 | 20% | 8 Kg | 56 Kg |
104-110 | 22,5% | 9 Kg | 63 Kg |
111-117 | 25% | 10 Kg | 70 Kg |
118-124 | 27,5% | 11 Kg | 77 Kg |
125-131 | 30% | 12 Kg | 84 Kg |
132-138 | 32,5% | 13Kg | 91 Kg |
139-145 | 35% | 14 Kg | 98 Kg |
146-152 | 37,5% | 15 Kg | 105 Kg |
153-159 | 37,5% | 15 Kg | 105 Kg |
160-166 | 37,5% | 15 Kg | 105 Kg |
167-173 | 37,5% | 15 Kg | 105 Kg |
174-180 | 37,5% | 15 Kg | 105 Kg |
Total | 1.425 Kg | ||
